THE AARHUS CONVENTION AT TEN

On 30 October 2011, it will be exactly ten years ago that the Convention on Access to information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, signed by representatives of 35 States and the European Communi
ty at a pan-European ministerial conference in the Danish city of Aarhus in 1998, entered into force. This multilateral treaty, negotiated under the auspices of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, represents the most comprehensive and ambitious ef
fort to establish international legal standards in the field of citizens'' environmental rights to date. Though some of these standards were inspired by earlier EU environmental legislation, many provisions of the Aarhus Convention went beyond the ri
ghts already guaranteed by the EU and compelled the European Commission to propose new legislative acts, most of which were adopted between 2003 and 2006, to bring EU environmental law up to the Convention''s standards. Since its adoption over a deca
de ago, the Aarhus Convention, which now has 44 Contracting Parties in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus region, has had a considerable impact on national systems of environmental law and administrative practices in many countries of Europe and b
eyond, as well as on the law and institutions of the European Union and even in other international organisations and fora.

The contributions assembled in this book focus on various aspects of the relationship between the provisions of the C
onvention and the development of EU environmental law. They discuss the new legislative acts and amendments to existing legislation adopted by the EU institutions since 2003 in order to implement the Aarhus Convention, on such matters as access to en
vironmental information and public participation as well as access to justice in respect of environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment and integrated pollution prevention and control in EU Member States. The relevant legislat
ion also includes a regulation organising the application of the procedural rights guaranteed by the Aarhus Convention at the level of EU institutions and bodies. Other contributions address tensions that have arisen between normative developments wi
thin the framework of the Aarhus Convention and the internal legislation and policies of the EU. These concern contentious issues such as general access to justice in environmental matters - for which the Commission unsuccessfully proposed legislatio
n to guarantee a minimum level of access to review procedures for environmental groups in the Member States - and judicial review by EU courts of acts and omissions of EU institutions. Another area of tension discussed in this volume concerns public
participation in product-related regulatory decisions with respect to genetically modified organisms and chemicals. Together, the various contributions to this volume address synergies and conflicts across the three ''pillars'' of the Aarhus Conventi
on and examine the broader legal and institutional implications of these interactions for the development of both EU law and international environmental law.

Contributors
Michel Delnoy - Jonas Ebbesson - Ralph Hallo - Veerle Heyvaert
- Jerzy Jendroska - Mihail Kritikos - Francesco La Camera - Richard Macrory - Daniela Obradovic - Marc Pallemaerts - Cesare Pitea - Gerhard Roller - Frankie Schram - Stephen Stec - Attila Tanzi -Jeremy Wates - Ned Westaway